Social development funds

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Donor funding to mitigate effect of structural adjustment; Often linked to income generation and employment targets

These funds have improved over the years, but the problem remains that they are typically project based with arrangement that are in parallel with existing structures and having their own rules. In Tanzania, regional development funds are now financing community identified projects (http://www.iadb.org/sds/doc/sgc-GN1930-2-E.pdf and http://www.wsp.org/publications/af_socialfunds.pdf). A recent report carried out by the World Bank's evaluations department found that social funds do not always reach the poorest sections of society and can be subject to political influence. Impact in the WS&H sector has varied and sustainability issues have not been well addressed (http://www1.worldbank.org/publications/pdfs/15141overview.pdf).

Often grant or food/pay for work-based interventions.

Mixed track record in sanitation with earlier interventions even frustrating work of others. Risk remains that it operates as a parallel program. Approach is for example promoted in Latin America and Caribbean by the Inter-American Development Bank (http://www.iadb.org and www.iadb.org/sds/doc/957eng.pdf ).